65816-llvm-mos/SESSION_STATE.md
Scott Duensing 873eab4922 Checkpoint.
2026-04-25 17:07:28 -05:00

563 lines
27 KiB
Markdown

# Session Resume — llvm816 project
Drop this into a new Claude Code session and say "read SESSION_STATE.md and
continue where we left off." Pairs with `LLVM_65816_DESIGN.md` (the design
doc — read that second).
---
## 1. Project in one sentence
Build an open-source LLVM/Clang backend for the WDC 65816 (Apple IIgs) that
matches or exceeds Calypsi's output quality, forked from llvm-mos but
maintained as our own separate W65816 target. User is Scott; expert C dev,
doesn't want hand-holding on LLVM or 65816 basics.
## 2. Where we are in the plan
Design doc section 7 lists a 12-step implementation order. We are at:
- [x] **Setup toolchain** (prior session)
- [x] **Architectural decision: separate W65816 target** (design doc §2.5)
- [x] **Repo-layout decision:** `src/` holds our authored files, `patches/`
holds modifications to upstream llvm-mos files, `tools/llvm-mos/` is
ephemeral and gitignored. `scripts/applyBackend.sh` stitches src +
patches into the clone.
- [x] **Step 1 — scaffold W65816 target directory.** 41 files under
`src/llvm/lib/Target/W65816/` + 2 files under
`src/clang/lib/Basic/Targets/`. 4 upstream patches under `patches/`.
- [x] **Step 2 — verify the skeleton fully compiles and links.** All 8
tablegen generators run clean, three static libs
(LLVMW65816Info/Desc/CodeGen) build, llc links with the target
registered, zero warnings in the W65816-local build.
`./bin/llc -march=w65816 -filetype=null /dev/null` → exit 0.
- [x] **Step 2a — real MC-layer instructions.** `W65816InstrInfo.td` now
holds ~90 real 65816 opcodes (LDA/STA/LDX/LDY/STX/STY across
immediate/DP/abs/DPX/AbsX/AbsY/long where applicable; ADC/SBC/CMP/
AND/ORA/EOR/BIT; INC/DEC/ASL/LSR/ROL/ROR; all transfers; stack
push/pull; REP/SEP/CLC/SEC/XCE/XBA; branches; JMP/JML/JSR/JSL;
RTS/RTL/RTI; MVN/MVP). Instructions whose size depends on M or X
bits exist as `_Imm8`/`_Imm16` pairs carrying the appropriate
TSFlag bits (MLow/MHigh/XLow/XHigh) for the future REP/SEP pass.
- [x] **Step 2b — wire MCCodeEmitter.** Tablegen `-gen-emitter` runs
cleanly; `W65816MCCodeEmitter.cpp` calls the tablegen-provided
`getBinaryCodeForInstr` and emits Size bytes little-endian.
- [x] **Step 2c — symbolic fixups.** Each operand class (imm8/imm16/
addrDP/addrAbs/addrLong/pcrel8/pcrel16) has its own
`EncoderMethod` that emits a `W65816::fixup_*` at the correct
byte offset for expression operands. `W65816AsmBackend::applyFixup`
patches the data bytes little-endian for resolved fixups and
defers to `maybeAddReloc` for unresolved ones.
`W65816ELFObjectWriter::getRelocType` returns placeholder
relocation numbers 1-5 (swap for canonical R_W65816_* names once
the ELF `EM_` is decided — §7 item 1).
- [x] **Step 2d — patch 0005 eliminates data-layout warning.** The
data-layout string for `Triple::w65816` lives in
`llvm/lib/TargetParser/TargetDataLayout.cpp`; `W65816TargetMachine`
now calls `TT.computeDataLayout()`. Zero warnings in the W65816
build.
- [x] **Step 2e — AsmParser scaffold.** 441-line
`AsmParser/W65816AsmParser.cpp` ported from MSP430, stripped of
register-operand handling (65816 has no MC register operands),
with width-narrowing predicates on each operand class so the
matcher picks the narrowest instruction variant the value fits
(e.g. `sta $10` → STA_DP, `sta $1000` → STA_Abs, `sta $10000`
STA_Long). `#` is emitted as a literal token to match the AsmString
tokenisation. Block-move (MVN/MVP) uses `addrDP` for both bank
bytes so `mvn $01, $02` parses.
- [x] **Step 2f — operand bit-field wiring.** Every `Inst*` class in
`W65816InstrFormats.td` now assigns named bitfields into
`Inst{N-8}` (e.g. `let Inst{15-8} = imm;`). Without this
tablegen emits an encoder that writes the opcode but leaves the
operand bytes as zero — we had that bug for an iteration.
- [x] **Step 2g — smoke-test script.** `scripts/smokeTest.sh` checks
llc registration, empty-module codegen, and llvm-mc encoding of
a representative instruction mix. Run with `--build` to rebuild
first.
- [x] **Step 2h — end-to-end ELF object.** `llvm-mc -filetype=obj`
produces a valid ELF with relocations at correct byte offsets.
Relocations are placeholder numbers 1-5 (§7 item 1 — decide
EM_/R_* mapping).
- [x] **Step 2i — Disassembler.** 190-line
`Disassembler/W65816Disassembler.cpp` tries 1/2/3/4-byte decode
tables in ascending size order. Custom decoder callbacks for
imm/addr/pcrel operands wrap raw bits into MCOperands. Mode-
ambiguous opcodes (LDA/LDX/LDY/ADC/SBC/CMP/AND/ORA/EOR/BIT/CPX/
CPY immediate forms) are parked in separate
DecoderTableW65816{MHigh,XHigh}16 tables and the scaffold only
reads the default tables — so those opcodes always disassemble
as 3-byte 16-bit-immediate forms until a mode-aware decoder
lands (alongside REP/SEP).
- [x] **Step 2j — register operands in the AsmParser.** Key fix found
via round-trip test: tablegen treats `a`, `x`, `y` in AsmStrings
(e.g. `"inc a"`, `"lda\t$addr, x"`) as references to the real
register records, so the matcher expects register operands, not
literal tokens. AsmParser now produces `k_Reg` operands for
these identifiers. Verified: `inc a` → 0x1A, `lda $1000, x`
0xBD,0x00,0x10, full ELF round-trip passes.
- [x] **Step 2k — smoke test covers disassembly.** The smoke test
now feeds raw bytes through `llvm-mc --disassemble` and checks
for expected mnemonics, so encoder/decoder asymmetries surface
immediately.
- [x] **Step 3a — first DAG patterns.** Type-as-mode model (approved).
`LDAi16imm` pseudo for i16 constants; `RTL` for retglue;
`emitPrologue` emits canonical `REP #$30`. Mode-dependent
`_Imm8` variants are `isCodeGenOnly` so the asm matcher never
picks them.
- [x] **Step 3c — single-arg function calls.** `LowerFormalArguments`
receives arg 0 in A; `LowerCall` passes arg 0 in A and JSL's
via a JSL pseudo to bridge the i16 symbol operand to the MC
`JSL_Long`'s 24-bit operand class. Result is back in A.
Multi-arg call lowering still wants a `PUSHA` SDNode + SP unwind
sequence — caller side currently fatals on >1 args.
- [x] **Step 3d — multi-arg via stack (callee side).**
`LowerFormalArguments` now reads arg 1+ from stack via
FrameIndex + load. `eliminateFrameIndex` translates LDAfi /
STAfi / ADCfi / SBCfi / ANDfi / ORAfi / EORfi / CMPfi pseudos
to their `LDA d,S` etc. counterparts with the offset baked in.
Stack-relative MC instructions are in place; AsmParser
recognises the `,s` suffix. Callee-side fully working: a
`define i16 @sum3(i16 %a, i16 %b, i16 %c)` compiles to
`clc; adc 4,s; clc; adc 6,s; rtl`.
- [x] **Step 3e — frame-index spill plumbing.** `storeRegToStackSlot`
and `loadRegFromStackSlot` emit STAfi / LDAfi pseudos so the
register allocator can spill Acc16 values when needed.
- [x] **Step 3f — multiplications via shifts.** Multiply by power-of-2
constants inherits the `shl` patterns (1/2/3/4 bits unrolled to
`asl a` sequences). Multiply by arbitrary constants and
runtime values fail at ISel pending library functions.
- [x] **Step 3h — clang front end builds.** Real C → 65816 machine
code via the full `clang -target w65816 -c` pipeline. Bumped
clang's `IntAlign`/`LongAlign`/`PointerAlign`/`SuitableAlign`
from 8 to 16; also overrode `allowsMisalignedMemoryAccesses` to
return true. `scripts/cDemo.sh` shows the full front-end
pipeline on a built-in 7-function demo. Additional patterns:
`INC_Abs`/`DEC_Abs` for `*p = *p + 1`; `ASRA16` (PHA;ASL;PLA;ROR
sequence) for signed shift-right by 1.
- [x] **Step 3i — frame reservation + epilogue.** `emitPrologue`
now emits `TSC; SEC; SBC #N; TCS` to reserve N bytes for locals
and spills, then `emitEpilogue` reverses with `TSC; CLC; ADC #N;
TCS` before the RTL. `eliminateFrameIndex` translates
FrameIndex operands into stack-relative offsets via
`disp = FrameOffset + StackSize`. `hasFPImpl` returns false
(no native FP — direct page would be the logical home). This
unblocks `clang -O0 -c` for pure-arithmetic functions (each
arg gets spilled to its own stack slot). Stack-relative
addressing modes for ADC/SBC/AND/ORA/EOR/CMP let the codegen
fold loads from frame indices into the carry-arithmetic ops.
- [x] **Step 3g — basic i8 codegen.** Acc8 patterns now cover:
`LDAi8imm` (constants), `INA_PSEUDO8` / `DEA_PSEUDO8` (inc/dec),
`ADCi8imm` / `SBCi8imm` (add/sub immediate), `ANDi8imm` /
`ORAi8imm` / `EORi8imm` (bitwise immediate), `LDA8abs` /
`STA8abs` (load/store via global), `ASLA8` / `LSRA8` (1-bit
shifts), `CMPi8imm` (compare against immediate, with BR_CC i8
lowering). Frame lowering scans the function IR for any i8
type usage (return, args, instruction values, operands) and
picks `REP #$10; SEP #$20` prologue when found, else
`REP #$30`. AsmPrinter masks i8 immediates to 8 bits before
printing so `i8 -16` shows `0xf0` rather than `0xfff0`.
Limitations: i8 mode is per-function only — mixed-mode
functions get the i8 prologue (8-bit A) and i16 ops fail.
Asm round-trip for i8 still loses M-mode info (the parser
can't disambiguate `lda #imm` between Imm8 and Imm16); use
`-filetype=obj` directly from llc to get the right encoding.
- [x] **Step 3b — globals, loads, stores, arithmetic, branches,
bitwise.** `LowerOperation` custom-lowers `GlobalAddress` and
`ExternalSymbol` to `W65816Wrapper(target...)`. Pseudo +
AsmPrinter-expansion family covers:
- `LDAi16imm`, `LDAabs`, `STAabs` (load/store/materialise via
Wrapper of global)
- `ADCi16imm`, `ADCabs`, `SBCi16imm`, `SBCabs` (add/sub with the
required CLC/SEC carry prefix)
- `ANDi16imm`, `ORAi16imm`, `EORi16imm` and their `*abs`
memory-fold variants
- `CMPi16imm`, `CMPabs` plus `W65816ISD::CMP` / `W65816ISD::BR_CC`
SDNodes; `LowerBR_CC` swaps constant-on-LHS forms and rewrites
SETULE/SETUGT/SETLE/SETGT to SETULT/SETUGE/SETLT/SETGE+1 so
the canonicalised DAG hits our patterns; condition-code map
covers BEQ/BNE/BCS/BCC plus signed BMI/BPL.
- `BRA` for unconditional `br`.
- `INA_PSEUDO` / `DEA_PSEUDO` for `add x, ±1``inc a` / `dec a`
- `ASLA16` / `LSRA16` for `shl x, 1` and `lshr x, 1``asl a` /
`lsr a`
- `NEGA16` for `0 - x``eor #$ffff; inc a`
- `(xor x, -1)``eor #$ffff` (bitwise NOT)
- Zero-extending byte load: `lda addr; and #$ff`
The end-to-end pipeline can now compile and assemble functions
that read/write globals, do arithmetic on them, and branch
conditionally — all with optimal-looking 65816 idioms (e.g.
`lda x ; clc ; adc y` for `*x + *y`).
- [ ] **Step 3i — open codegen gaps:**
1. **Multi-arg call lowering** (caller side). Callee side works;
caller still bails on >1 arg. Needs PUSHA SDNode + SP-unwind
in ADJCALLSTACKUP.
2. **Frame-reserved scratch space.** Prologue doesn't reserve
stack space for locals/spills, so any alloca'd value or
allocator-spilled value lands at a negative SP offset and
eliminateFrameIndex bails. Blocks: -O0 compilation of
functions with parameters; loops with PHIs that need to
compare two computed values; two-Acc16 binary ops in
general. Fix: emit `TSC; CLC; ADC #-N; TCS` (or PHA-loop)
in emitPrologue and the inverse in emitEpilogue, where N
is the function's frame size.
3. **Mixed-mode i8/i16.** Per-function mode only — the prologue
picks one mode; the other type's ops fail. REP/SEP scheduling
pass needed.
4. **Signed `(a - b)` overflow handling.** BMI/BPL based signed
comparisons are correct only when the subtraction can't
overflow; pathological values give wrong results.
5. **`sub imm, var`** and **`mul var, var`** (or non-power-of-2
constants). Need libcall support.
6. **SETCC and SELECT_CC i16.** Boolean conversions like
`(int)(cond != 0)` and `(cond) ? a : b` aren't selectable.
Custom lowering needed.
7. **Library functions.** `__mulhi3`, etc. — no runtime yet.
- [ ] **Step 4 — real frame lowering, calling convention, REP/SEP
scheduling pass.** The prologue `REP #$30` is unconditional;
the REP/SEP pass will remove it when redundant.
## 3. What is installed and where
All under `/home/scott/claude/llvm816/tools/`:
| Tool | Path | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| llvm-mos source | `tools/llvm-mos/` | shallow clone. Backend files are symlinked in from `src/`; patches applied on top. Reset cleanly via `scripts/updateLlvmMos.sh`. |
| llvm-mos build dir | `tools/llvm-mos-build/` | cmake-generated, ephemeral |
| llvm-mos-sdk | `tools/llvm-mos-sdk/` | prebuilt toolchain |
| MAME 0.264 | `/usr/games/mame` (apt) | supports `-console` (Lua) |
| Apple IIgs ROMs | `tools/mame/roms/apple2gs.zip`, `apple2gsr1.zip` | from archive.org |
| Calypsi 5.16 | `tools/calypsi/` | extracted .deb |
| ORCA/C source | `tools/orca-c/` | reference only |
`./setup.sh --verify-only` passed all checks as of the prior session.
## 4. Repo layout (current)
```
llvm816/ # git repo, branch main
├── LLVM_65816_DESIGN.md # tracked
├── SESSION_STATE.md # this file
├── setup.sh # tracked
├── scripts/ # tracked
│ ├── common.sh
│ ├── installDeps.sh installCalypsi.sh installOrcaC.sh
│ ├── installLlvmMos.sh # non-destructive (see §8)
│ ├── installMame.sh verify.sh
│ ├── applyBackend.sh # src/ + patches/ -> tools/llvm-mos/
│ └── updateLlvmMos.sh # reset clone, re-apply backend
├── src/ # authored files, tracked
│ ├── llvm/lib/Target/W65816/ # 41 files
│ │ ├── MCTargetDesc/ (10 files)
│ │ ├── TargetInfo/ (3 files)
│ │ └── (28 top-level files)
│ └── clang/lib/Basic/Targets/
│ ├── W65816.h
│ └── W65816.cpp
├── patches/ # unified diffs, tracked
│ ├── 0001-triple-add-w65816-arch.patch
│ ├── 0002-triple-cpp-add-w65816-cases.patch
│ ├── 0003-clang-basic-dispatch-w65816.patch
│ └── 0004-cmake-add-w65816-experimental.patch
├── tools/ # gitignored, ephemeral
└── .gitignore # excludes tools/, .cache/
```
## 5. Key architectural decisions
### 5.1 Separate target, not MOS subtarget feature
llvm-mos has `FeatureW65816` declared in `MOSDevices.td` but codegen
unimplemented (issue #321). We are NOT extending MOS. Reasons:
- We cannot upstream an AI-assisted backend to llvm-mos anyway.
- Clean register model: `Acc8`/`Acc16`/`Idx8`/`Idx16` as separate classes.
- Independent evolution.
Recorded in design doc §2.5.
### 5.2 Symlinks + patches, not a fork
`applyBackend.sh` symlinks every file under `src/` into the corresponding
path under `tools/llvm-mos/`, then applies each `patches/*.patch` with
`git apply`. Idempotent: skips already-current symlinks and
already-applied patches (detected via `git apply --reverse --check`).
`updateLlvmMos.sh` is the ONLY script allowed to destructively reset the
clone. It reverses all patches, removes our symlinks, `git reset --hard
FETCH_HEAD`, then re-runs `applyBackend.sh`.
`installLlvmMos.sh` refuses to touch the clone if it is dirty or off
main — this is deliberate to protect applied patches.
## 6. Concrete next actions (in order)
### 6.1 Function arguments
`LowerFormalArguments` and `LowerCall` still fatal-error. Without
arguments, every function we test has to use globals as inputs. The
plan: pass i8/i16 args via the stack (push right-to-left, caller
cleans), with the first 1-2 args optionally going in A or X for
register-passing. Calypsi output is the reference for ABI choices.
### 6.2 i8 codegen
Currently every function gets `REP #$30` (16-bit mode). For i8 ops
we need either:
- A scan-and-prepend approach: if the function has any i8 op, emit
`SEP #$20` after the REP for whichever mode dominates, plus
toggle pseudos around the off-mode regions.
- Or commit to widening all i8 to i16 pre-ISel (simpler, but uses 2x
the cycles for byte-heavy code).
This is the natural lead-in to the REP/SEP scheduling pass (§6.4).
### 6.3 Frame indices, stack locals
Add `eliminateFrameIndex` and frame-pointer pseudos so we can spill
to the stack. Today `W65816RegisterInfo::eliminateFrameIndex` is
`llvm_unreachable`. Stack accesses on 65816 are `,s` and `(,s),y`
indirect — needs new operand classes.
### 6.4 REP/SEP scheduling pass
The core algorithmic work. TSFlag bits on every mode-dependent
instruction are already in place; the pass walks MIR, dataflows the
required mode per region, and inserts/removes REP/SEP transitions to
minimise total mode switches. Design doc §3.3.
### 6.2 Wire frame lowering + calling convention (real)
`W65816FrameLowering.cpp` is still `llvm_unreachable`. The simplest
working version: establish an i16 stack pointer-based frame using the
native SP, locals accessed via stack-relative indirect via Y. Calypsi
output for a trivial function is a good model.
`W65816CallingConv.td` covers i8/i16 return in A but nothing for
arguments. Start with stack-based (push right-to-left, caller cleans)
per design doc §3.5.
### 6.3 Disassembler mode-aware decoding (deferred)
The scaffold disassembler always decodes LDA/LDX/LDY/ADC/SBC/CMP/AND/
ORA/EOR/BIT/CPX/CPY immediate forms as 3-byte 16-bit-immediate
variants. A real decoder should track the M/X bits across the stream
(consuming REP/SEP, XCE transitions) and choose between
`DecoderTableW65816` (default) and `DecoderTableW65816{MHigh,XHigh}16`
per instruction. Naturally pairs with the REP/SEP codegen pass since
both need the same M/X tracking model.
### 6.4 REP/SEP scheduling pass
The core algorithmic work (design doc §3.3). Every real instruction
now carries TSFlag bits indicating which M/X mode it requires. The
pass reads those, does the width-inference / coalescing / transition
insertion dataflow, and emits REP/SEP instructions at block
boundaries. Plan to spend multiple sessions.
### 6.5 Tidy-ups (can happen in any order)
- Decide ELF `EM_` value (§7 item 1). Currently `EM_NONE`, with
placeholder relocation numbers 1-5 in `W65816ELFObjectWriter`.
Swap for canonical `R_W65816_*` names once chosen.
- Replace ASCII-art mnemonics (`inc a`, `dec a`, `asl a`, etc.) with
proper InstAliases so both `INA` and `INC A` assemble to the same
opcode. Requires AsmParser (§6.3).
## 7. Open design questions flagged by the scaffold
1. **ELF `EM_` machine number.** `W65816ELFObjectWriter.cpp` uses
`ELF::EM_NONE` as a placeholder. llvm-mos uses `EM_MOS = 0x1966` for
the 6502 family. Decide: share `EM_MOS`, or pick a new value?
2. **Data layout string** is hardcoded in
`W65816TargetMachine.cpp` rather than routing through
`Triple::computeDataLayout()`. That is OK for now — when we're
ready to consolidate, add a case in `TargetDataLayout.cpp` and
switch to `TT.computeDataLayout()`.
3. **i32 return convention** — does i32 return in A:X or via a hidden
pointer? Currently `W65816CallingConv.td` only handles i8/i16. Design
doc §3.5 says "A:X for 32-bit" but this isn't modelled yet.
4. **Register aliasing for mode-dependent widths.** `Acc8` and `Acc16`
both contain physical register `A`. LLVM's allocator will not cope
with this correctly. The REP/SEP management pass (§3.3) is required.
Flagged per the design doc.
5. **Open questions from design doc §8** (GS/OS DP reservation, bank
memory model, interrupt ABI, ORCA/C ABI compat, width-contract
attribute, MAME cycle accuracy) — still unresolved. Punt until after
we have a working instruction set.
## 8. Gotchas + hard-won knowledge
- **`installLlvmMos.sh` is non-destructive now.** It refuses to reset
the clone if it is dirty or off main. Use `scripts/updateLlvmMos.sh`
to refresh (the only script allowed to reset).
- **MAME `-console` flag** is listed by `-showusage`, NOT `-help`.
- **`log()` in `common.sh` writes to stderr.** Don't change it.
- **llvm-mos has `FeatureW65816` but not working codegen** (issue #321).
- **`RemapAllTargetPseudoPointerOperands<PtrRegs>` is required** in
`W65816.td` or tablegen fails with 8 "missing target override for
pseudoinstruction using PointerLikeRegClass" errors. Don't remove it.
- **`Triple::w65816` placement in Triple.h:** inserted right after
`mos,` to keep the 65xx family clustered. See patch 0001.
- **Added to `LLVM_ALL_EXPERIMENTAL_TARGETS`** in `llvm/CMakeLists.txt`
so `-DLLVM_EXPERIMENTAL_TARGETS_TO_BUILD=all` picks up W65816. Not
strictly required — passing the name explicitly also works.
- **Operand `OperandType` field wants LLVM's enum spelling**, not
shortened. Use `OPERAND_IMMEDIATE`, `OPERAND_MEMORY`, `OPERAND_PCREL`
(see `llvm/include/llvm/MC/MCInstrDesc.h` MCOI::OperandType).
`OPERAND_IMM` / `OPERAND_IMM8` / `OPERAND_IMM16` are NOT valid.
- **`PrintMethod` signature for PC-rel operands takes `Address`.**
Tablegen generates `printPCRel8(MI, Address, OpNo, O)` — 4 args, not
3. Non-PC-rel PrintMethods use the 3-arg form `(MI, OpNo, O)`.
- **Several `.cpp` files needed explicit `#include`s beyond what MSP430
ships with** because the tablegen-generated `.inc` references full
types: `W65816RegisterInfo.cpp` needs `W65816Subtarget.h` and
`W65816FrameLowering.h` (for `GET_REGINFO_TARGET_DESC`);
`W65816InstPrinter.cpp` needs `llvm/MC/MCAsmInfo.h` (for
`MAI.printExpr`).
- **Marker classes can't override mayLoad/mayStore via `let`.**
TableGen's multi-inheritance doesn't let unrelated sibling classes
touch fields from the base `Instruction`. Use `let isReturn = 1, ...
in { ... }` blocks at def sites instead (idiomatic LLVM style).
- **Data layout is hardcoded** in `W65816TargetMachine.cpp` rather than
computed from `TT.computeDataLayout()`, because `TargetDataLayout.cpp`
doesn't have a case for `w65816` yet. This produces one `-Wswitch`
warning in the llvm-mos build. §6.5 notes adding a 5th patch to
silence it.
## 9. Disk space recovery
If space is tight before resume:
```
# safe to delete — regenerable from setup.sh + applyBackend.sh:
rm -rf /home/scott/claude/llvm816/tools/
rm -rf /home/scott/claude/llvm816/.cache/
```
Regenerate with `./setup.sh` then `./scripts/applyBackend.sh`.
The `tools/llvm-mos-build/` directory alone is ~2 GB after a full
configure+tablegen. A full ninja build will be much more.
## 10. Quick verification commands for resume
```
# Verify the scaffold is in place:
ls src/llvm/lib/Target/W65816/ | wc -l # expect ~20 top-level files
ls patches/ # expect 4 .patch files
# Verify apply is clean:
./scripts/applyBackend.sh # expect 0 new, 44 current symlinks; 0 new, 4 applied patches
# Verify cmake configures:
cmake -S tools/llvm-mos/llvm -B tools/llvm-mos-build -G Ninja \
-DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Release \
-DLLVM_TARGETS_TO_BUILD="" \
-DLLVM_EXPERIMENTAL_TARGETS_TO_BUILD="MOS;W65816" \
-DLLVM_ENABLE_PROJECTS="clang" \
-DLLVM_INCLUDE_TESTS=OFF -DLLVM_INCLUDE_EXAMPLES=OFF \
-DLLVM_INCLUDE_BENCHMARKS=OFF
# Verify full build + llc registration (slow first time, cached after):
( cd tools/llvm-mos-build && ninja LLVMW65816Info LLVMW65816Desc LLVMW65816CodeGen llc )
./tools/llvm-mos-build/bin/llc --version | grep w65816
./tools/llvm-mos-build/bin/llc -march=w65816 -filetype=null /dev/null ; echo $?
# Expect: grep matches; llc exits 0.
```
## 11. Files changed this session (not yet committed by user)
```
scripts/applyBackend.sh # idempotent src+patches apply
scripts/updateLlvmMos.sh # safe reset+reapply
scripts/installLlvmMos.sh # no longer destructively resets
scripts/smokeTest.sh # regression smoke test
src/llvm/lib/Target/W65816/ # full MC layer + first codegen:
# CodeGen scaffolds (~40 files)
# AsmParser/ (2 files)
# Disassembler/ (2 files)
# MCTargetDesc/ (11 files)
# TargetInfo/ (3 files)
# ~90 real instruction defs
# ~25 codegen pseudos +
# AsmPrinter expansion
src/clang/lib/Basic/Targets/W65816.{h,cpp}
patches/0001..0005.patch # upstream llvm-mos mods
SESSION_STATE.md # this file
```
The tools/ tree is all ephemeral (gitignored).
### What now works end-to-end
Try it yourself:
```
./scripts/cDemo.sh # built-in demo
./scripts/cDemo.sh path/to/your.c
```
Sample output for the built-in demo (real C → real 65816):
```
get_counter: lda counter ; rtl
set_counter: sta counter ; rtl
sum_with_target: clc ; adc target ; rtl
doubler: asl a ; rtl
half: lsr a ; rtl
reset: lda #0 ; sta counter ; rtl
answer: lda #42 ; rtl
```
### Detail: command-line invocations
```
# Round-trip asm -> bytes -> asm:
echo ' lda #0x1234' | ./bin/llvm-mc -arch=w65816 -show-encoding
# -> lda #0x1234 ; encoding: [0xa9,0x34,0x12]
echo '0xea 0xa9 0x34 0x12 0x6b' | ./bin/llvm-mc --disassemble --triple=w65816
# -> nop ; lda #0x1234 ; rtl
# Full asm -> ELF -> disasm:
./bin/llvm-mc -arch=w65816 -filetype=obj foo.s -o foo.o
./bin/llvm-objdump --triple=w65816 -d foo.o
# Real codegen. This .ll compiles cleanly:
@x = global i16 0
@y = global i16 0
define i16 @fib_step() {
%a = load i16, ptr @x
%b = load i16, ptr @y
%s = add i16 %a, %b
store i16 %a, ptr @y
store i16 %s, ptr @x
ret i16 %s
}
# llc emits idiomatic 65816:
# rep #0x30
# lda x; clc; adc y ; A = a + b
# sta x ; x = a + b
# ...
```
### What doesn't work yet
- **Multi-arg calls** (caller side). Callee accepts stack-passed
args; the matching push side is unimplemented. Functions with
more than one arg can be defined and compile correctly, but
cannot be called from another function.
- **Two-Acc16 cmp.** Loops with PHIs that need to compare two
computed values fail at ISel — only one A.
- **i8 ops** (always 16-bit mode for now).
- **Signed overflow** in CMP-based branches: BMI/BPL test the N flag
of the subtraction, which is incorrect when the subtract overflows.
- **`mul var, var`** (or by non-power-of-2 constants). Needs library
functions (`__mulhi3` etc.).
- **`sub imm, var`** (only `sub var, imm` works).
See §6.1-§6.4 for the next steps.