326 lines
17 KiB
C
326 lines
17 KiB
C
// Part of JoeyLib, Copyright (c) 2026 Scott Duensing, under the MIT License.
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// See LICENSE.md for license information.
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// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
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//
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// Audio: 4-channel Protracker .MOD music with digital one-shot SFX.
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//
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// Authors compose music as .MOD modules. The host-side asset pipeline
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// (tools/joeymod) converts each module into the runtime form the
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// target platform expects:
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//
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// Apple IIgs -- NinjaTrackerPlus .NTP, played by Ninjaforce's
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// 65816 replayer linked into the binary.
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// Amiga -- raw .MOD, played by Frank Wille's PTPlayer.
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// DOS -- raw .MOD, mixed by JoeyLib's module player (PTPlayer's
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// replay in C) into SB DMA (22 kHz 8-bit, stereo on an
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// SB16).
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// Atari ST -- raw .MOD, mixed by the module player at 12288 Hz and
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// played through the YM2149's channel A volume (PWM); the
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// STe build plays it in stereo through DMA sound at
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// 12517 Hz.
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// X68000 -- raw .MOD, mixed by the module player at 7812 Hz into the
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// MSM6258 ADPCM channel.
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// DVX -- raw .MOD through DVX's music library.
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// hosted -- raw .MOD, mixed by the module player in software.
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//
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// Game code always calls the same entry points; the per-port HAL hides
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// the engine choice. jlInit starts audio (jlConfigT.noAudio leaves it
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// off) and jlShutdown stops it. Sound that does not start is non-fatal:
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// jlInit still succeeds and audio calls become no-ops.
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//
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// The mix is the same on every port, within 3 dB: a sound effect at full
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// scale, and a module channel at full volume playing a full-scale sample,
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// are each as loud as a tone voice at attenuation 0 (a square wave sampled
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// at full scale peaks where the voice does), and the noise at attenuation 0
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// is as loud as a voice. The ports that mix in software put that peak at a
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// quarter of full scale, so the three voices and the noise together, or a
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// module's four channels, fit; the plain ST puts it at half of its one
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// sound chip channel, so a module whose three or four channels peak at once
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// clips there. DOS keeps the mix on the Sound Blaster's mixer, which the
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// cards before the SB Pro do not have: there effects and modules play about
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// 5 dB over the voices.
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#ifndef JOEYLIB_AUDIO_H
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#define JOEYLIB_AUDIO_H
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#include "platform.h"
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#include "types.h"
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// SFX slot convention: the IIgs plays tone voices 0-2 on SFX slots 0-2
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// and the noise voice on slot 3 (a voice and an effect on one slot cut
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// each other off, and a held voice takes its slot back at the next
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// jlAudioFrameTick), so applications that also play digital SFX while
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// music runs should prefer slot 4. On the Amiga effects, the module, the
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// voices, and the noise share Paula's four channels. On the other ports
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// the slots are independent of the voice layer.
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#define JL_AUDIO_SFX_SLOTS 5
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// Number of PSG-style polyphonic tone voices (jlAudioVoice selects
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// voice 0/1/2). The core gate range-checks against this so each
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// per-port HAL can assume voice < JL_AUDIO_VOICES.
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#define JL_AUDIO_VOICES 3
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// Begin module playback. data points at the platform-native module
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// blob (.MOD on every platform but the IIgs, .NTP there); the asset pipeline
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// produces the right form for each target. If a module is already
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// playing, it is replaced.
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//
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// loop=true plays forever. loop=false stops at song end on every port.
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// PTPlayer (Amiga) has no native song-end signal, so the Amiga HAL adds an
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// E8F stop marker to the module as it copies it to chip RAM; a module
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// with no room for one (all 128 song positions or patterns in use) loops
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// there anyway. The `joeymod` tool's .amod output adds the same marker
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// ahead of time.
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void jlAudioPlayMod(const uint8_t *data, uint32_t length, bool loop);
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// Stop the current module (if any), silent at once on every port (DOS and
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// the X68000 take it back out of what they have mixed ahead of the chip).
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// The playhead is reset so the next jlAudioPlayMod starts from the top.
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void jlAudioStopMod(void);
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// True if a module is currently producing output (false during silence
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// after StopMod, once a loop=false song has ended, before the first
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// PlayMod, and on platforms where audio init failed).
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bool jlAudioIsPlayingMod(void);
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// Trigger a one-shot digital SFX on the given slot (0..JL_AUDIO_SFX_SLOTS-1).
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// sample points at raw signed 8-bit PCM. rateHz is the playback rate
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// the sample was recorded at; the engine pitches as needed for its
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// own output rate, any rate at its pitch (the IIgs above 26 kHz and the
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// Amiga above 28.6 kHz skip samples, so a fast one loses its top there). If
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// the slot is currently playing, the new sample
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// replaces it. Most ports read the sample in place while it plays, so it
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// must stay valid and unchanged until it has finished or the slot is
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// stopped; the IIgs keeps a copy per slot keyed by address, length, and
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// rate, so changed bytes replayed with all three the same are not heard.
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//
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// The full -128..127 range is accepted everywhere, but the IIgs plays
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// -128 as -127: its DOC reads 0x00 (which is what -128 becomes in the
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// chip's unsigned format) as a wave-end marker and would halt the voice
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// on that sample. One level out of 256, inaudible in practice.
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void jlAudioPlaySfx(uint8_t slot, const uint8_t *sample, uint32_t length, uint16_t rateHz);
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// Stream-fill callback signature. Called by the mixer to refill a
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// streaming slot's prefetch buffer; should write up to `count` signed
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// 8-bit samples to `dst` and return the number written (see
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// jlAudioPlaySfx for the one clamp the IIgs applies). Returning 0
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// signals end-of-stream and the slot auto-deactivates. Called in
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// program time on every port, from the call that starts the stream and
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// then from jlAudioFrameTick (on DVX also while the desktop runs); must
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// not block, and should be quick.
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typedef uint32_t (*jlAudioStreamFillT)(void *ctx, int8_t *dst, uint32_t count);
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// Trigger streaming SFX playback on the given slot. The mixer pulls
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// samples from `fill(ctx, ...)` as the slot's internal prefetch
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// buffer drains, so SFX can be arbitrarily long with no caller-side
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// allocation. `rateHz` is the sample rate `fill` produces; the
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// engine resamples (with linear interpolation) to its own output
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// rate. If the slot is currently playing, the new stream replaces
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// it. Implemented on every port: DOS/ST/X68000/hosted pull through the
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// shared SFX overlay mixer as jlAudioFrameTick refills their sound
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// buffers, the IIgs (NTPstreamsound, 7 KB chunks) plays one chunk at a
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// time and fires the next from jlAudioFrameTick as the current one runs
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// down, and the Amiga (PTPlayer mt_loopfx) loops an 8 KB ring that
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// jlAudioFrameTick tops up as Paula plays it -- so the host must be calling
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// jlAudioFrameTick for a stream to continue. On the IIgs a seam can carry
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// up to one frame of jitter; the Amiga's ring has none, and plays its old
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// contents again if the calls stop for longer than it lasts (a third of a
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// second at 22 kHz).
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void jlAudioPlaySfxStream(uint8_t slot, jlAudioStreamFillT fill, void *ctx, uint16_t rateHz);
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// Raw-format streaming: jlAudioPlaySfxStream, except `fill` delivers
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// bytes already in the port's raw stream format (jlAudioSfxRawFormat),
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// so the port skips its per-byte conversion of every chunk. On the IIgs
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// that conversion costs ~7 us a byte, ~50 ms per 7 KB chunk. DVX takes the
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// IIgs's format too (its sound library's 8-bit PCM is unsigned) and skips
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// its flip. Every other port's raw format is signed PCM, so there Raw is
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// the plain call. A producer that cannot make the port's format uses
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// jlAudioPlaySfxStream.
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#define JL_SFX_RAW_SIGNED8 0u // int8_t PCM, the jlAudioPlaySfxStream contract
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#define JL_SFX_RAW_UNSIGNED8_NOZERO 1u // uint8_t PCM biased 0x80; 0x00 is forbidden (DOC stop byte)
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uint8_t jlAudioSfxRawFormat(void);
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void jlAudioPlaySfxStreamRaw(uint8_t slot, jlAudioStreamFillT fill, void *ctx, uint16_t rateHz);
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// Stereo placement for a SFX slot.
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typedef enum {
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JL_AUDIO_PAN_LEFT = 0,
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JL_AUDIO_PAN_CENTER,
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JL_AUDIO_PAN_RIGHT,
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JL_AUDIO_PAN_COUNT
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} jlAudioPanE;
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// Place a SFX slot in the stereo field. Slots start at JL_AUDIO_PAN_CENTER, and
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// the setting sticks to the SLOT, so it survives retriggers -- set it once
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// when a sound is meant to come from one side.
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//
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// What each port can actually do, because the hardware differs:
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// IIgs all three. The DOC pans per OSCILLATOR (control bits 7:4 are the
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// output channel, and per Apple TN #19 odd = left, even = right),
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// so a centered sound is played on two oscillators, one per side.
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// A stock IIgs sums to mono anyway; this only shows up on a stereo
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// card or an emulator.
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// Amiga left and right, by picking the Paula channel side (0 and 3 are
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// left, 1 and 2 right). A channel plays on one side only, so a
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// centered sound plays on a free channel each side when both sides
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// have one, and otherwise on the one channel PTPlayer picks.
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// X68000 ignored. Everything is mixed into ONE MSM6258 ADPCM stream, so
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// its pan bits would move all audio at once, not one slot.
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// DOS all three on an SB16, the module's channels on Paula's sides;
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// ignored on the Sound Blasters before it, which play mono.
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// ST ignored -- its output is mono. The STe build plays all three
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// (its DMA chip plays stereo), the module's as on DOS.
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// DVX all three, through DVX's stereo mixer.
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// hosted all three (the mix is stereo), except Win16, which is mono.
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// Passing an out-of-range pan is ignored.
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void jlAudioSetPan(uint8_t slot, jlAudioPanE pan);
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// Stop a SFX slot early. No-op if the slot is already idle.
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void jlAudioStopSfx(uint8_t slot);
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// A single tone at `freqHz` until the next call: jlAudioVoice(0, freqHz,
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// 0), tone voice 0 at full volume, on every port. freqHz == 0 silences
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// it. Designed for AGI-era PSG-style music where the engine just
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// programs a divisor and lets the chip play; CPU cost during playback is
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// zero. It shares voice 0 with jlAudioVoice and jlMusicPlay. On DOS
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// without an OPL2, voice 0 (and so this tone) is the PC speaker.
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void jlAudioTone(uint16_t freqHz);
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// Periodic tick callback for sound schedulers that need better-than-
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// frame-rate resolution. Used by PSG-era music drivers (AGI, AdLib
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// patches, etc.) to write hardware register changes at exact note
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// boundaries -- frame-rate-driven scheduling batches multiple notes
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// into one render frame, so the chip only "hears" the last write
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// per batch and short notes are dropped.
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//
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// fn fires `hz` times per second on average, on every port, and may
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// fire from an interrupt (DOS, Amiga, ST, X68000): keep fn short, only
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// memory reads and direct hardware-register writes, no malloc / printf /
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// blocking, and share data with it through jlAudioCritical*. Pass
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// fn = NULL to uninstall (always returns true). Returns false when hz is
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// 0, audio is off or did not start, or the port cannot take the rate.
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//
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// Per-port impl: DOS reprograms PIT counter 0 + hooks INT 8,
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// keeping the BIOS tick counter at $0040:$006C advancing at the
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// canonical 18.2 Hz via an accumulator (so uclock / time stay
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// correct). The Amiga uses a timer.device E-clock request and a
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// software interrupt; the ST and X68000 ride the system's Timer C
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// interrupt (200 and 100 Hz), so calls due between its ticks come
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// together. The IIgs calls fn in program time from jlAudioFrameTick,
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// and DVX and the hosted ports from the mixer, between the samples where
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// each tick falls.
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typedef void (*jlAudioTickFnT)(void);
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bool jlAudioTickRegister(jlAudioTickFnT fn, uint16_t hz);
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// Critical section against the tick ISR. Callers that mutate
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// state read by the registered tick callback must wrap the
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// mutation in Enter/Exit so the ISR can't observe a half-written
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// state. Sections nest: the outermost pair holds the interrupt off
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// (on DOS, the Amiga, the ST, and the X68000, every interrupt, so keep
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// it short), and its Exit puts back the interrupt state its Enter found.
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// No-ops where the callback runs in program time (IIgs, DVX, hosted).
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void jlAudioCriticalEnter(void);
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void jlAudioCriticalExit(void);
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// 3-voice PSG-style polyphonic tone generator. `voice` selects 0/1/2;
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// `freqHz` is the new tone (0 = silence this voice); `atten` is the
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// AGI/SN76489-style 4-bit attenuation, 0 = loudest .. 15 = silent
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// (2 dB per step, as near as the chip comes: the ST's YM2149 levels are
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// ~3.5 dB apart, so within 1.6 dB there). The mapping to underlying
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// hardware:
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//
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// DOS -- AdLib OPL2 melodic channels 0/1/2 (ports 0x388/0x389);
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// with no OPL2, voice 0 is the PC speaker, 1 and 2 silent.
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// Atari ST -- YM2149 PSG channels A/B/C (plain ST: voice 0 silent while
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// digital sound plays, which drives channel A).
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// Amiga -- Paula channels 0/1/2 looping a 2-byte square sample.
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// IIgs -- Ensoniq DOC oscillators playing a resident square on SFX
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// slots 0/1/2.
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// X68000 -- YM2151 channels 0/1/2, one sine operator each.
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// DVX -- square waves mixed in software into a stream of DVX's
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// mixer (DVX's own square tones with only the PC speaker).
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// hosted -- square waves mixed in software.
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//
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// A note sounds until the next call for that voice. The IIgs plays a
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// note as a short sample and restarts held notes from jlAudioFrameTick,
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// so call that every frame. On the Amiga the voices are the channels the
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// MOD engine drives, so while a MOD is playing, voice writes fight the
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// player's and lose: use the voice/tracker layer or the MOD layer per
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// scene, not both at once.
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void jlAudioVoice(uint8_t voice, uint16_t freqHz, uint8_t atten);
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// Noise/percussion generator, the 4th logical voice of the tracker
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// layer. `pitch` is 0..31 in YM2149 noise-period style: 0 = the
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// brightest hiss (hats), 31 = the lowest rumble (toms); the noise runs at
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// 125000 / pitch Hz (pitch 0 as 1) as far as each chip goes (the Amiga
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// tops out at 28.6 kHz and the IIgs at 26 kHz, so pitches 0-4 sound
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// alike there). atten as in jlAudioVoice, and atten >= 15 silences. The
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// per-port mapping:
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//
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// Atari ST -- the YM2149 noise generator (reg 6) mixed onto
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// channel C. Noise shares channel C's volume register
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// with tone voice 2: author noise and voice-2 notes
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// apart (songbake warns on overlap).
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// DOS -- the YM2149's 17-bit generator, mixed into the Sound
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// Blaster's stream (~22 kHz, so pitches 0-5 sound
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// alike). An OPL2 without a Sound Blaster plays its
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// rhythm-mode snare drum instead, a tuned drum whose
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// pitch spreads over the snare's range.
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// Amiga -- Paula channel 3 looping a chip-RAM LFSR noise sample
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// (channels 0-2 are the tone voices).
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// IIgs -- a resident LFSR noise sample on SFX slot 3.
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// X68000 -- the YM2151's noise generator, at the rate exactly.
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// DVX -- the YM2149's 17-bit generator, mixed in software (a
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// noise tone of DVX's sound library with only the PC
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// speaker).
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// hosted -- the YM2149's 17-bit generator, mixed in software.
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//
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// The same contract as jlAudioVoice: it sounds until the next call.
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void jlAudioNoise(uint8_t pitch, uint8_t atten);
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// Portable chip-tracker music: play a JYM1 event stream (baked from
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// tools/songbake text notation) through the jlAudioVoice tone layer.
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// One authored song plays on every port at register-write cost on the
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// retro machines' chips (DOS's noise and the DVX and hosted ports mix in
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// software), so unlike jlAudioPlayMod this path is fully viable on the
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// ST and cheap on DOS. The stream is read IN PLACE:
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// data must stay valid until jlMusicStop or song end. Playback is
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// pumped by jlAudioFrameTick (call it once per frame, as usual) and
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// paced by jlMillisElapsed, so tempo holds across 50/60/70 Hz ports.
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// loop=true restarts at the song's authored loop point (or the top
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// when it has none); loop=false silences the voices at song end.
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// Returns false (and plays nothing) on a malformed stream.
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bool jlMusicPlay(const uint8_t *data, uint32_t length, bool loop);
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// Stop tracker playback and silence the voices (tones and noise).
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// Safe to call when nothing is playing. The playhead is discarded;
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// use jlMusicPause to keep it.
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void jlMusicStop(void);
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// True while a jlMusicPlay stream is loaded and active (paused
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// counts as active; stopped/finished does not).
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bool jlMusicIsPlaying(void);
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// Pause playback in place: voices go silent, the playhead keeps its
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// position. jlMusicResume picks up where the song left off (the
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// current row restarts; wall-clock time spent paused is not
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// fast-forwarded through). Both are safe no-ops when there is no
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// active song.
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void jlMusicPause(void);
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void jlMusicResume(void);
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// Global music attenuation, added to every authored voice/noise
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// attenuation (0 = as authored .. 15 = silent). Applies immediately
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// to sounding voices and to everything played afterward; jlMusicPlay
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// does NOT reset it, so a fade-out can carry into the next song.
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// Step it over successive frames for fades.
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void jlMusicSetAtten(uint8_t atten);
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// Hook the engine into the game loop; call it once per frame. Every
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// port does sound work here: DOS, ST, X68000, DVX, and hosted mix or
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// refill their sound buffers (modules and effects stop or repeat
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// without it), the IIgs and Amiga feed streams and notice a module's
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// end (and the IIgs holds notes), and every port advances jlMusicPlay.
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void jlAudioFrameTick(void);
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#endif
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