DVX_GUI/dvx/dvxVideo.c

// dvx_video.c — Layer 1: VESA VBE video backend for DV/X GUI

#include "dvxVideo.h"
#include "dvxPalette.h"

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>

#include <dpmi.h>
#include <go32.h>
#include <pc.h>
#include <sys/nearptr.h>
#include <sys/farptr.h>

// ============================================================
// Prototypes
// ============================================================

static int32_t findBestMode(int32_t requestedW, int32_t requestedH, int32_t preferredBpp, uint16_t *outMode, DisplayT *d);
static void    getModeInfo(uint16_t mode, DisplayT *d, int32_t *score, int32_t requestedW, int32_t requestedH, int32_t preferredBpp);
static int32_t mapLfb(DisplayT *d, uint32_t physAddr);
static int32_t setVesaMode(uint16_t mode);


// ============================================================
// findBestMode
// ============================================================

static int32_t findBestMode(int32_t requestedW, int32_t requestedH, int32_t preferredBpp,
                             uint16_t *outMode, DisplayT *d) {
    __dpmi_regs r;
    uint16_t    bestMode  = 0;
    int32_t     bestScore = -1;
    DisplayT    bestDisplay;

    memset(&bestDisplay, 0, sizeof(bestDisplay));

    // Get VBE controller info
    // Put "VBE2" signature at ES:DI in conventional memory
    uint32_t infoSeg = __tb >> 4;
    uint32_t infoOff = __tb & 0x0F;

    // Write "VBE2" at transfer buffer to request VBE 2.0 info
    _farpokeb(_dos_ds, __tb + 0, 'V');
    _farpokeb(_dos_ds, __tb + 1, 'B');
    _farpokeb(_dos_ds, __tb + 2, 'E');
    _farpokeb(_dos_ds, __tb + 3, '2');

    memset(&r, 0, sizeof(r));
    r.x.ax = 0x4F00;
    r.x.es = infoSeg;
    r.x.di = infoOff;
    __dpmi_int(0x10, &r);

    if (r.x.ax != 0x004F) {
        fprintf(stderr, "VBE: Function 0x4F00 failed (AX=0x%04X)\n", r.x.ax);
        return -1;
    }

    // Verify VBE signature
    char sig[5];
    for (int32_t i = 0; i < 4; i++) {
        sig[i] = _farpeekb(_dos_ds, __tb + i);
    }
    sig[4] = '\0';

    if (strcmp(sig, "VESA") != 0) {
        fprintf(stderr, "VBE: Bad signature '%s'\n", sig);
        return -1;
    }

    // Check VBE version (need 2.0+)
    uint16_t vbeVersion = _farpeekw(_dos_ds, __tb + 4);
    if (vbeVersion < 0x0200) {
        fprintf(stderr, "VBE: Version %d.%d too old (need 2.0+)\n",
                vbeVersion >> 8, vbeVersion & 0xFF);
        return -1;
    }

    // Get mode list pointer (far pointer at offset 14)
    uint16_t modeListOff = _farpeekw(_dos_ds, __tb + 14);
    uint16_t modeListSeg = _farpeekw(_dos_ds, __tb + 16);
    uint32_t modeListAddr = ((uint32_t)modeListSeg << 4) + modeListOff;

    // Walk mode list
    for (int32_t i = 0; i < 256; i++) {
        uint16_t mode = _farpeekw(_dos_ds, modeListAddr + i * 2);

        if (mode == 0xFFFF) {
            break;
        }

        DisplayT  candidate;
        int32_t   score = 0;

        memset(&candidate, 0, sizeof(candidate));
        getModeInfo(mode, &candidate, &score, requestedW, requestedH, preferredBpp);

        if (score > bestScore) {
            bestScore   = score;
            bestMode    = mode;
            bestDisplay = candidate;
        }
    }

    if (bestScore < 0) {
        fprintf(stderr, "VBE: No suitable mode found for %ldx%ld\n", (long)requestedW, (long)requestedH);
        return -1;
    }

    *outMode = bestMode;
    *d       = bestDisplay;
    return 0;
}


// ============================================================
// getModeInfo
// ============================================================

static void getModeInfo(uint16_t mode, DisplayT *d, int32_t *score,
                        int32_t requestedW, int32_t requestedH, int32_t preferredBpp) {
    __dpmi_regs r;

    *score = -1;

    memset(&r, 0, sizeof(r));
    r.x.ax = 0x4F01;
    r.x.cx = mode;
    r.x.es = __tb >> 4;
    r.x.di = __tb & 0x0F;
    __dpmi_int(0x10, &r);

    if (r.x.ax != 0x004F) {
        return;
    }

    // Read mode attributes
    uint16_t attr = _farpeekw(_dos_ds, __tb + 0);

    // Must have LFB support (bit 7)
    if (!(attr & 0x0080)) {
        return;
    }

    // Must be a graphics mode (bit 4)
    if (!(attr & 0x0010)) {
        return;
    }

    int32_t  w   = _farpeekw(_dos_ds, __tb + 18);
    int32_t  h   = _farpeekw(_dos_ds, __tb + 20);
    int32_t  bpp = _farpeekb(_dos_ds, __tb + 25);
    int32_t  pitch = _farpeekw(_dos_ds, __tb + 16);
    uint32_t physAddr = _farpeekl(_dos_ds, __tb + 40);

    // Must match or exceed requested resolution
    if (w < requestedW || h < requestedH) {
        return;
    }

    // Must be a supported bpp
    if (bpp != 8 && bpp != 15 && bpp != 16 && bpp != 32) {
        // Some cards report 24-bit; skip those
        if (bpp == 24) {
            return;
        }
        return;
    }

    // Score this mode
    int32_t s = 0;

    if (bpp == 16) {
        s = 100;
    } else if (bpp == 15) {
        s = 90;
    } else if (bpp == 32) {
        s = 85;
    } else if (bpp == 8) {
        s = 70;
    }

    // Prefer the user's preferred bpp
    if (bpp == preferredBpp) {
        s += 20;
    }

    // Exact resolution match is preferred
    if (w == requestedW && h == requestedH) {
        s += 10;
    } else {
        s -= 10;
    }

    *score = s;

    // Fill in display info
    d->width  = w;
    d->height = h;
    d->pitch  = pitch;

    d->format.bitsPerPixel  = bpp;
    d->format.bytesPerPixel = (bpp + 7) / 8;

    // Read color masks from mode info
    if (bpp >= 15) {
        int32_t redSize   = _farpeekb(_dos_ds, __tb + 31);
        int32_t redPos    = _farpeekb(_dos_ds, __tb + 32);
        int32_t greenSize = _farpeekb(_dos_ds, __tb + 33);
        int32_t greenPos  = _farpeekb(_dos_ds, __tb + 34);
        int32_t blueSize  = _farpeekb(_dos_ds, __tb + 35);
        int32_t bluePos   = _farpeekb(_dos_ds, __tb + 36);

        d->format.redBits    = redSize;
        d->format.redShift   = redPos;
        d->format.redMask    = ((1U << redSize) - 1) << redPos;
        d->format.greenBits  = greenSize;
        d->format.greenShift = greenPos;
        d->format.greenMask  = ((1U << greenSize) - 1) << greenPos;
        d->format.blueBits   = blueSize;
        d->format.blueShift  = bluePos;
        d->format.blueMask   = ((1U << blueSize) - 1) << bluePos;
    } else {
        // 8-bit mode — masks not used, packColor returns palette index
        d->format.redBits    = 0;
        d->format.redShift   = 0;
        d->format.redMask    = 0;
        d->format.greenBits  = 0;
        d->format.greenShift = 0;
        d->format.greenMask  = 0;
        d->format.blueBits   = 0;
        d->format.blueShift  = 0;
        d->format.blueMask   = 0;
    }

    // Store physical address in lfb field temporarily (will be remapped)
    d->lfb = (uint8_t *)(uintptr_t)physAddr;
}


// ============================================================
// mapLfb
// ============================================================

static int32_t mapLfb(DisplayT *d, uint32_t physAddr) {
    __dpmi_meminfo info;
    uint32_t       fbSize = (uint32_t)d->pitch * (uint32_t)d->height;

    info.address = physAddr;
    info.size    = fbSize;

    if (__dpmi_physical_address_mapping(&info) != 0) {
        fprintf(stderr, "VBE: Failed to map LFB at 0x%08lX\n", (unsigned long)physAddr);
        return -1;
    }

    // Lock the region to prevent paging
    __dpmi_meminfo lockInfo;
    lockInfo.address = info.address;
    lockInfo.size    = fbSize;
    __dpmi_lock_linear_region(&lockInfo);

    // Enable near pointers for direct access
    if (__djgpp_nearptr_enable() == 0) {
        fprintf(stderr, "VBE: Failed to enable near pointers\n");
        return -1;
    }

    d->lfb = (uint8_t *)(info.address + __djgpp_conventional_base);

    return 0;
}


// ============================================================
// packColor
// ============================================================

uint32_t packColor(const DisplayT *d, uint8_t r, uint8_t g, uint8_t b) {
    if (d->format.bitsPerPixel == 8) {
        return dvxNearestPalEntry(d->palette, r, g, b);
    }

    uint32_t rv = ((uint32_t)r >> (8 - d->format.redBits))   << d->format.redShift;
    uint32_t gv = ((uint32_t)g >> (8 - d->format.greenBits)) << d->format.greenShift;
    uint32_t bv = ((uint32_t)b >> (8 - d->format.blueBits))  << d->format.blueShift;

    return rv | gv | bv;
}


// ============================================================
// resetClipRect
// ============================================================

void resetClipRect(DisplayT *d) {
    d->clipX = 0;
    d->clipY = 0;
    d->clipW = d->width;
    d->clipH = d->height;
}


// ============================================================
// setClipRect
// ============================================================

void setClipRect(DisplayT *d, int32_t x, int32_t y, int32_t w, int32_t h) {
    d->clipX = x;
    d->clipY = y;
    d->clipW = w;
    d->clipH = h;
}


// ============================================================
// setVesaMode
// ============================================================

static int32_t setVesaMode(uint16_t mode) {
    __dpmi_regs r;

    memset(&r, 0, sizeof(r));
    r.x.ax = 0x4F02;
    r.x.bx = mode | 0x4000; // bit 14 = use LFB
    __dpmi_int(0x10, &r);

    if (r.x.ax != 0x004F) {
        fprintf(stderr, "VBE: Failed to set mode 0x%04X (AX=0x%04X)\n", mode, r.x.ax);
        return -1;
    }

    return 0;
}


// ============================================================
// videoInit
// ============================================================

int32_t videoInit(DisplayT *d, int32_t requestedW, int32_t requestedH, int32_t preferredBpp) {
    uint16_t bestMode;
    uint32_t physAddr;

    memset(d, 0, sizeof(*d));

    // Find the best VESA mode
    if (findBestMode(requestedW, requestedH, preferredBpp, &bestMode, d) != 0) {
        return -1;
    }

    // Save the physical address before we overwrite it
    physAddr = (uint32_t)(uintptr_t)d->lfb;

    // Set the mode
    if (setVesaMode(bestMode) != 0) {
        return -1;
    }

    // Map the LFB
    if (mapLfb(d, physAddr) != 0) {
        return -1;
    }

    // Allocate backbuffer
    uint32_t fbSize = (uint32_t)d->pitch * (uint32_t)d->height;
    d->backBuf = (uint8_t *)malloc(fbSize);

    if (!d->backBuf) {
        fprintf(stderr, "VBE: Failed to allocate %lu byte backbuffer\n", (unsigned long)fbSize);
        return -1;
    }

    memset(d->backBuf, 0, fbSize);

    // Set up palette for 8-bit mode
    if (d->format.bitsPerPixel == 8) {
        d->palette = (uint8_t *)malloc(768);

        if (!d->palette) {
            fprintf(stderr, "VBE: Failed to allocate palette\n");
            free(d->backBuf);
            d->backBuf = NULL;
            return -1;
        }

        dvxGeneratePalette(d->palette);
        videoSetPalette(d->palette, 0, 256);
    }

    // Initialize clip rect to full display
    resetClipRect(d);

    fprintf(stderr, "VBE: Mode 0x%04X set: %ldx%ldx%ld, pitch=%ld\n",
            bestMode, (long)d->width, (long)d->height, (long)d->format.bitsPerPixel, (long)d->pitch);

    return 0;
}


// ============================================================
// videoSetPalette
// ============================================================

void videoSetPalette(const uint8_t *pal, int32_t firstEntry, int32_t count) {
    // Set VGA DAC registers directly via port I/O
    // Port 0x3C8 = write index, Port 0x3C9 = data (R, G, B in 6-bit values)
    outportb(0x3C8, (uint8_t)firstEntry);

    for (int32_t i = 0; i < count; i++) {
        int32_t idx = (firstEntry + i) * 3;
        outportb(0x3C9, pal[idx + 0] >> 2); // VGA DAC uses 6-bit values
        outportb(0x3C9, pal[idx + 1] >> 2);
        outportb(0x3C9, pal[idx + 2] >> 2);
    }
}


// ============================================================
// videoShutdown
// ============================================================

void videoShutdown(DisplayT *d) {
    // Restore text mode (mode 3)
    __dpmi_regs r;
    memset(&r, 0, sizeof(r));
    r.x.ax = 0x0003;
    __dpmi_int(0x10, &r);

    if (d->backBuf) {
        free(d->backBuf);
        d->backBuf = NULL;
    }

    if (d->palette) {
        free(d->palette);
        d->palette = NULL;
    }

    d->lfb = NULL;

    __djgpp_nearptr_disable();
}